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April 30, 2009

Why the "Tea Parties" Might Be Right

Okay, I have to admit how appalled I was in watching the news coverage of the recent “tea parties”…the much hyped ‘grass-roots’ demonstrations that were pretty much organized and orchestrated by the neo-conservative community with help from some major media players. When people are invited to gather as an expression of anger and frustration, I guess we can’t be too surprised when some go overboard in the passion of the moment, so the talk of revolution and secession was a natural outcome. Many of us were scratching our heads in amazement when we saw slogans from our colonial period appearing…“No taxation without representation”…as if elections hadn’t recently been held and as if public sentiment in those elections wasn’t clear and overwhelming. But still…I’m always reminded that our emotions are never wrong. Our thinking might be wrong, but our emotions are always pointing to the ‘true-north’ of our human needs as best described in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.

If we take these feelings seriously, what is the real issue behind the issue? In one possible definition, we could simply replace the word ‘representation’ with ‘accountability.’ When it boils down, isn’t accountability one of the primary goals of a representative form of government? Should it be surprising that people have strong feelings about ‘transparency’ and ‘accountability?’ President Obama presented these concepts as the foundation of his campaign. After his inauguration, he immediately signed a memorandum directing specific actions to achieve transparency, openness, and engagement.” His Presidency will basically rise or fall as the public evaluates his willingness to follow these principles, even when the going gets tougher. If these principles weren’t in crisis, would a President spend this much time talking about them? If these principles are in crisis, isn’t it time we talked about them as our responsibility, discussing with our neighbors what we expect in ‘transparency’ and what we’re willing to do to make ‘accountability’ the cornerstone of ‘representation.’

‘Accountability’ is a huge and complicated subject. I think we’re increasingly unsettled and concerned that our institutions are failing because of a systemic lack of basic ‘accountability’ in the news industry…in the court room…in our classrooms…in the corporate board room…in the global financial crisis…in the city council chambers…in state legislatures…in the halls of Congress…in the White House…and in the actions of the United Nations. I’m persuaded that President Obama AND the tea-baggers have identified the one issue that could eventually threaten the unity of these United States, and could make it impossible to create and sustain truly effective global efforts to solve problems like climate change, pandemic control or AIDS.

I feel obliged to share a few random thoughts on the subject before I finish. It seems to me that ‘accountability’ is best achieved in individual relationships and small groups…the town hall meetings we hear about as the epitome of ‘accountability’ and public decision-making happened in small town and continued until the problem was resolved. People who know they don’t tell the truth are pretty sure others are doing the same…‘accountability’ starts as a personal decision to be trustworthy, and then to expect the same from others, not the other way around. Contrary to what Jack Nicholson’s character said in the movie, A Few Good Men, we CAN handle the truth…‘accountability’ shines a light on everything equally so we can make better private and public decisions. The President AND the tea-baggers seem to agree that ‘accountability’ is in crisis. My suspicion is that this is not a topic for its own framing, but should be embedded and integrated in every issue guide we create.

April 17, 2009

Talking about the News Media Again

Public solutions to thorny problems require accurate, unbiased, accessible and timely information. Unfortunately, our current media markets aren’t finding that the production and distribution of this kind of information is profitable. Because the companies that have provided us with first-class news and commentary are seeing too much red ink in their balance sheets, the business pressure that drives program decisions toward ‘news-based entertainment’ is growing. I’ll just share a couple reflections and my own comment on this topic today, but I hope this can be a conversation that generates some interest among people who believe that good information is essential, especially when we’re at a turning point in public decisions…like now.

A couple nights ago, we attended a town hall meeting with Rep. George Miller (D-CA) with about 150 other people. About half of the questions (at least…maybe more) were posed with fear-based information from talk radio, TV ‘commentary panels’ or conspiracy-theory weblogs. It was disconcerting to hear the genuine concern and anger in the voices of people who were repeating the wild rumors they’d heard, and how they wanted action on these issues as Congress’ top-priority. I came away from that meeting with a feeling that one prevalent mission of the news media is the creation of fear and suspicion…and they seem to be succeeding.

Okay, I’m back to Jon Stewart. As I thought about the town hall meeting experience, I pondered again what I saw was the most important point of Stewart’s comments that brought Crossfire down and that were the foundation for the Jim Cramer conversation. There is a difference between ‘news reporting’ and ‘news-based entertainment’…and this difference is increasingly blurred these days. Stewart wasn’t critical of Cramer’s right to say what he says…he was critical of what he saw as ‘news-based entertainment’ calling itself ‘news reporting.’ He readily said that his show on Comedy Central is “a comedy show” with the clear intention to be a ‘news-based entertainment’ program. Stewart obviously believes his role in the news marketplace is legitimate, but he also appears to believe that role needs to be clearly identified for consumers. Another prevalent mission of the news media seems to be the co-opting of the news as an on-going and cheap source of material so corporations can make more money than if they paid investigative reporters or script writers and actors.

A few years ago, an NIF issue guide opened a conversation about the news media, News Media and Society. I think it’s time to revisit that framework for conversation, or perhaps to create a new issue guide to talk about how we distinguish between ‘news coverage’ and ‘news-based entertainment’ in our daily routine. It troubles me that so many people get their news for the day from either Rush Limbaugh or Jon Stewart. It troubles me that CNN spends so much effort in advertising their ‘reporters’ and ‘interviewers’ as celebrities. It troubles me also that Fox and MSNBC fill so much of their prime airtime with completely biased ‘entertainers’ who from my vantage point appear to distort the news in some segments while doing good reporting in others…and by doing so, they make it hard to trust anything they say.

Selling these days appears to be less about the product and more about the packaging of the product. Unfortunately, this trend in commerce seems to have taken over in our media markets, most troubling in the news media market. We’re fortunate that we still have truly committed and talented journalists working around the country, but it appears that their financial stability is increasingly in jeopardy. How do we keep our news professionals employed? How do we help consumers distinguish between ‘news coverage’ and ‘news-based entertainment?’ How do we fulfill our need for accurate, unbiased, accessible and timely information? How do we engage journalists in this conversation? This appears to me to be one of those pivotal issues where the outcomes affect our ability to solve the problems in some very thorny, long-term and life-and-death issues.

April 14, 2009

Values in Public Deliberation

I had to chuckle when I read one comment to a recent piece…it questioned in a humorous way how we could get our neighbors to feel comfortable with any ‘touchy-feely’ emotional methods as part of an NIF forum. I think we all know that many people would run…not walk…to the nearest door, and we’d never see them again…even in California! After my initial chuckle, I became a bit sad in reflecting on how our suspicion and distrust have made many of us ‘politically disabled.’ We find ourselves living in a complicated catch-22…the issues that are most urgent and important to us touch our lives so deeply that we get emotional when we talk about them, but when we express our natural emotion about an issue our opinions are discounted because we’re just getting emotional and that mean we’re not thinking clearly. We need to figure out a way to include our strong emotions on critical issues in a way that is effective and is culturally accepted.

I think we could all agree that knowledge and understanding alone seem to be insufficient in motivating us to take action, particularly on those actions that involve some degree of moral dilemma or ethical uncertainty. For many years now, I’ve been strongly influenced by Maslow’s hierarchy of needs when we’ve discussed moving from talk to action. When we include Maslow’s hierarchy in our discussion, we have a perfect opening to talk about what’s really important to us and why. In essence, we get to talk about how we as individuals and as a public apply our deeply-embedded values to make decisions that matter. As long as our conversations are limited to what we think, we’re able to insulate ourselves from any expectation of action. When, however, we include our real-world needs and the needs of others, there seems to be increased pressure to figure out what we need to do.

One of the strongest bonds we have as humans comes from the fact that we share a hierarchy of needs. Every breath we take fulfills a need. Every caring touch fulfills a need. Every talent we develop and use fulfills a need. Maslow’s elegant way of linking our human needs makes it possible for us to understand some things about our own motivations and the motivations of others to take action in specific ways and in specific contexts. In our NIF Practice, we gather folks to ‘work through’ the complex dilemmas of a public issue in order to identify those actions that best resolve the unmet needs of the most at-risk stakeholders in ways everyone can live with. Deliberation is never just a head-trip…it’s always about real people with real needs. The awareness that Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is instrumental in how we feel and think about an issue helps us as individuals…the awareness that others are wrestling with their own personal and family context can transform a conversation into a powerfully catalytic experience.

Within this framework, we are constantly assessing the ‘value’ of actions in relation to the fulfillment of our most essential and timely needs. As Steven Quartz is quoted to say in the recent David Brooks Op-Ed, “Our brain is computing value at every fraction of a second. Everything that we look at, we form an implicit preference. Some of those make it into our awareness; some of them remain at the level of our unconscious, but ... what our brain is for, what our brain has evolved for, is to find what is of value in our environment.” In terms of deliberation, the ‘preferences’ to which Quartz refers are actually mini-tradeoffs between a variety of actions that meet one or more need. Moment by moment, we’re ‘pricing’ the action options we have available with the knowledge of the situation we have available. When a decision is made, we’ve chosen pay the current ‘price’ for the action in order to get the resulting fulfilled need…or we choose to have someone else pay for our needs.

Concerning our NIF forums, we can include Maslow’s hierarchy of needs at every level of our work. When we look, for instance, at Yankelovich’s seven-stage model on public judgment, it’s all about human needs…and it’s all about the personal and public ‘price’ we fix on each of the action options identified to meet those needs. We, the public, ultimately decide whether we’re willing to pay the best ‘price’ for the most effective actions. In our various roles in the NIF Practice, we can face our ‘political disability’ head-on with clear talk about real needs where everyone shares in paying the ‘price’ of responsible, public judgment.

April 08, 2009

An Evolutionary Approach to Moral Judgment

Sometimes…rarely…a news article creates an immediate ‘of course’ experience. I think we’ve all had these moments when we hear or read something that resonates so deeply with our personal experience and history that it is welcomed like an old friend. It’s like someone connected the dots in just the right way to make a surprising picture appear where we thought an incomplete picture would continue to take shape. Our first response to this new vision is ‘of course…it was there all along!’ Well, I had one of those rare moments this morning as I read the opening lines of today’s New York Times Op-Ed by David Brooks, The End of Philosophy. And here is…the rest of the story.

For more than a decade, I’ve been involved in the practice of public deliberation through the National Issues Forums (NIF) and subsequently with various research projects of Kettering Foundation in Dayton, OH. NIF-style conversations were created to work through the ethical and moral dilemmas of complex public decisions in political and community life. ‘Deliberation’ has been the ‘different way of talking’ that NIF folks create in local community, small group forums, so people can share their deeply-held ‘common ground’ values and then change public policy to match these foundational moral judgments. At the heart of this kind of conversation, we believe that many effective public decisions are blocked by politics-as-usual debates that oversimplify the dilemmas that desperately need a moral resolution.

During the past decade, I’ve been very fortunate in working with other committed NIF practitioners in California and across the country as we’ve sought to continually learn more about how communities gather to talk about their most bumfuzzling public problems. Sadly, we seem to have many anecdotes of deliberative practice, but very little evidence that this practice actually connects ‘moral reasoning and proactive moral behavior,’ in the words of Michael Gazzaniga as quoted by David Brooks.

So, where’s the ‘of course’ in today’s Op-Ed? Of course! Moral judgments are far more emotional than rational…and our emotions evolve throughout our lives as we experience fulfillment and frustration, love and isolation, peace and anger. Of course! As a pastor for over 30 years, I’ve seen time after time that emotions drive most of our decisions for good or ill. Most of these decisions are automatic…they’re pre-programmed to be released for application with few societal safeguards. Of course! Some of these automatic emotional judgments do evolve through pro-active reason, but these adjustments in moral judgment almost never happen in a social vacuum.  Our emotions are most likely to evolve into satisfying moral judgments through respectful and caring conversations with family, friends and neighbors. That’s the role that NIF-style conversations can and do play when deliberation includes how we feel along with what we think about a critical public issue.

Didn’t we already know this? No, not really. We know that many of our anecdotes about what makes deliberation work well have an emotional component where a person shares a powerful experience, but our deliberative methods haven’t matured much with that recognition. To be relevant and effective, our practices need to be less like a ‘town hall meeting’ and more like an ‘immersion experience’ where the intricacies, frustrations and trade-offs of a sticky issue are exposed with all of their emotional baggage included. Our NIF Practice can and should start with the emotional nature of moral judgment in order to provide an evolutionary public conversation where communities are strengthened, cooperation is learned, and shared values are trusted as the foundation for public decisions.

April 03, 2009

A Diversified Economy

How many times have you heard someone say, "Don't put all your eggs in one basket"? When it comes to personal investing, I think most of us already know that this is very good advice in risk management, but we haven’t used this advise when it comes to managing risk in our economy. Some companies have been judged to be ‘too big to let fail’, so they’ve been rescued with public money. Many people these days recognize that there’s something really wrong when this is our least damaging option. I’m feeling more and more that we need to discuss how the concept of diversification can be applied to our public investment in a healthy and sustainable economy.

Successful investors know that diversifying their investments can help reduce the impact that a single, poorly performing investment can make on their overall portfolio, or mix of investments. Diversification means having different kinds of investments, such as stocks, bonds, and mutual funds. It also means having a mix of investments in different sectors or industries. A well-diversified portfolio might include bonds, money market funds, and stocks of small, medium, and large companies in a variety of industries and countries. In good times and in mildly bad times, this strategy works well. Of course, in drastically bad times like these, all investments decline. That’s exactly the reason that more attention must be given to how the economy as a whole manages risk and opportunity.

David Brooks in his NY Times Op-Ed today made some good points about how we got into our current mess and what must be done to make sure it doesn’t happen again. He writes, “Both (scenarios) believe that banks are too big. Both narratives suggest we should return to the day when banks were focused institutions — when savings banks, insurance companies, brokerages and investment banks lived separate lives.” The key here appears to be the diversity of thinkers when any business makes decisions. If the same thinker is responsible for wide-spread, inter-connected decisions, a mistake in analysis or judgment goes unchecked. If, on the other hand, many thinkers are responsible for those same decisions, the likelihood that some will catch the mistake before it causes great systemic damage is greater. This, of course, assumes that critical thinking is being practiced rather than a group of people joining the herd that runs toward a cliff. 

What changes would be necessary to create a ‘diversified economy’? Some corporate giants would have to be broken into smaller pieces, like was done with AT&T in the past and may be done with GM in the near future. Conglomerates would be required to disconnect their internally diverse entities in order to create greater external diversity. Mergers would come under very close scrutiny as the benchmark of a ‘diversified economy’ is applied as a protected value. What would the role of government be? How would the global economy be affected and what role would international partners play in merger decisions? Many questions arise, and we’d probably find a good mix of approaches to the goal of creating a ‘diversified economy’…if we decide to apply the strategy of diversification to the our public investment in a healthy and sustainable economy.

 

 

April 02, 2009

Paying a "Living Price" for Everything

In the April 1 Op-Ed by Thomas Friedman in the NY Times, a long-overdue proposition was put forward—the price we pay for things is not necessarily the ‘right’ price for the economy or for the planet. The examples given are timely and poignant. First, the insurance giant, AIG, didn’t price their risk insurance of now toxic assets high enough to have the capital they needed to pay on claims when their value tanked. Second, the price of ‘carbon’ isn’t high enough to include the long-term risks involved in climate change due to greenhouse gas emissions, so investors and consumers are not yet persuaded to seek alternatives. I agree with Friedman when he says “…we’re experiencing a simultaneous meltdown in the financial system and the climate system…because we have been mispricing risk in both arenas.”

 

I think we need to start discussing a ‘living price’ and how this pricing would be determined. The concept of a ‘living wage’ has gained attention in the past few years, particularly in urban areas where many employees of businesses cannot afford to live near their workplaces. Basically, a ‘living wage’ is calculated using averages in cost-of-living categories. This estimated ‘living wage’ then is used in contract negotiations with businesses and municipalities. While our normal ‘market-driven’ wage mechanisms are short-term and limited to numbers on paper, this pricing process for wage-earners includes long-term goals and quality-of-life issues.

 

The price of an item is usually one of the most important factors in our purchasing decisions….maybe not for the extremely wealthy, but certainly for the rest of us. On a daily basis, we make many consumer decisions that supply our needs and wants AND that shape the economic landscape, local and global. If we factored in the greenhouse gas emissions involved in all of our imported food, clothing and gadgets, we might make different consumer decisions. If we included the quality-of-life and pollution costs involved when huge numbers of wage-earners have to commute to and from work, we might be willing to consider a living wage for our firefighters, police officers, nurses and teachers.

 

Let’s face it. Our current ‘market-driven’ pricing system isn’t working for us. Subsidies, tax-breaks and a lack of long-term safeguards make many of our prices artificially low. We’ve been told that the ‘invisible hand’ of the free-wheeling market system will lead to the best public outcomes, but what we see is a system that totally inadequate in pricing anything for long-term sustainability or basic fairness. Isn’t it time we discussed what alternative systems might be available…and what kinds of criteria might be useful?


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